Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching neto-nič emisij by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in letni proračunski govor 1 February.
V proračunu za obdobje od aprila 2022 do marca 2023 bi New Delhi namenil dodatnih 19.500 milijonov Rs (2,61 milijarde) programu Production Linked Incentive (PLI) za spodbujanje domače proizvodnje fotonapetostnih modulov, je dejal Sitharaman.
PLI, ki se je začel s 4.500 milijoni Rs (600 milijonov) v zadnjem letnem proračunu, ponuja subvencije izbranim obratom modulov na podlagi njihove prodaje, kakovosti izdelkov in lokalne vsebine.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to doseže 10 GW by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said Amit Manohar, specialist za naložbe pri NIPFA.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Strategija Atmanirbhar Bharata
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
V proračunu za obdobje od aprila 2021 do marca 2022 je New Delhi vložil 1,000 milijonov Rs (133 milijonov) v Solar Energy Corporation Indije in 1500 milijonov Rs (200 milijonov) v Indijsko agencijo za razvoj obnovljive energije. Subjekti so odgovorni za vodenje različnih spodbujevalnih programov, ki jih-financira centralna vlada.
Od aprila 2021 so lahko na razpisih za solarno energijo, ki jih sponzorira centralna vlada, dovoljena samo podjetja na-indijanskem odobrenem seznamu proizvajalcev modulov.
Prav tako namerava vlada od aprila letos uvesti 40-odstotno osnovno carino na uvožene solarne module in 25-odstotno na celice.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by težave z dobavno verigo in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," Shah je rekel last December.
Z močnimi političnimi signali so nekatera velika indijska podjetja napovedala velike naložbene programe iz obnovljivih virov, ki se močno osredotočajo na sončno energijo.
Reliance Industries je lani zastavila cilj izgradnje 100 GW sončne zmogljivosti do leta 2030, da bo zagnala integrirano tovarno fotonapetostnih panelov v Jamnagarju, potem ko je prevzela REC Group za 771 milijonov. Pričakuje se, da bo imela elektrarna začetno zmogljivost 4 GW na leto, nato pa se bo sčasoma povečala na 10 GW.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced obnovljive naložbene pobude totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate Adani Group plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
Pokaži mi denar
Indijska vlada je v zadnjem letnem proračunu tudi dejala, da bo izboljšala recikliranje, spodbujala kmetijsko gozdarstvo, sprejela politiko zamenjave baterij za električna vozila, kjer polnilna omrežja niso izvedljiva, in nadomestila 5-7 odstotkov premoga, ki se uporablja v termoelektrarnah. peleti iz biomase, med drugimi ukrepi za dekarbonizacijo.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
V sporočilu, objavljenem prejšnji mesec, so analitiki IHS Markit ocenili, da bo Indija potrebovala več kot 28 milijard letnih naložb, da bi dosegla cilj do leta 2030, v primerjavi s povprečno porabo 7 milijard v zadnjih petih letih.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
Raziskovalci v nacionalnem laboratoriju Lawrence Berkeley v ZDA so poleg vlaganja denarja v zmogljivosti z nizko{0}}ogljično proizvodnjo povedali, da bodo indijske zainteresirane strani morale vložiti 40 milijard v 63 GW baterij za shranjevanje, da bi zagotovile stabilnost omrežja.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in študija published last December.
